Waterfall Safety Guide

We don't want to scare you—waterfall visits are safe for millions of people every year! But waterfalls are also places where serious accidents happen, and almost all of them are preventable. A few minutes of reading this guide could genuinely save your life or the life of someone you love.

Understanding the Dangers

Waterfalls present unique hazards that catch people off guard. Here's what you need to know:

Slippery Surfaces

Rocks near waterfalls are covered in algae, moss, and a constant fine mist. They are incredibly slippery—far more than they look. Even surfaces that appear dry can be slick. People slip and fall near waterfalls constantly, leading to broken bones, head injuries, and worse.

Unexpected Currents

The water above a waterfall often looks calm, but the current near the edge can be surprisingly strong. People have been swept over waterfalls while wading in seemingly shallow, gentle water upstream. The National Park Service documents multiple such tragedies every year.

Unstable Ground

Cliffs and ledges near waterfalls can be undercut by erosion. What looks like solid rock might crumble under your weight. Soil at cliff edges is often loose and can give way without warning.

Flash Floods

Waterfall areas can flood rapidly, even when it's not raining where you are. A storm miles upstream can send a wall of water through a gorge with little warning. Always check the forecast for the entire watershed, not just your location.

Essential Safety Rules

Follow these guidelines and you'll have a safe, enjoyable experience:

Swimming Near Waterfalls

Many waterfalls have swimming holes that look incredibly inviting, especially on hot days. Some are genuinely safe and popular swimming spots. Others are death traps. Here's how to tell the difference:

Safe Swimming Spots Usually Have:

• Other swimmers (locals know what's safe)
• Calm, pool-like water away from the falls
• Easy entry and exit points
• No signs prohibiting swimming
• No recent rain (currents can be deceptively strong after storms)

Avoid Swimming When:

• There are posted warnings
• The water is murky (you can't see hazards)
• The current is pulling toward the falls
• There are submerged rocks or logs
• The plunge pool is directly at the base of a tall falls (undertow risk)
• You're alone

Hiking Safety

The trail to a waterfall can be as hazardous as the falls itself. Stay safe on the approach:

• Wear proper footwear: Trail runners or hiking boots with good tread. Flip-flops and smooth-soled shoes cause countless injuries.
• Use trekking poles: Especially helpful on slippery, rooty trails common near waterfalls.
• Take your time: Rushing on wet trails leads to falls. Slow down, especially on descents.
• Watch your step: Keep your eyes on the trail, not your phone. Seriously.
• Don't block the trail: Step aside to take photos so others can pass safely.

What to Do in an Emergency

If something goes wrong, stay calm and follow these steps:

If Someone Falls In:

1. Don't jump in after them—you'll likely become a second victim
2. Call 911 immediately (or have someone else call)
3. Look for something to throw or extend to them (rope, branch, clothing tied together)
4. Try to keep visual contact and note their location
5. If trained in swift water rescue, use those skills; otherwise, wait for professionals

If You're Injured:

1. Stay where you are if moving could make things worse
2. Call 911 and give your exact location (GPS coordinates if possible)
3. Make noise and stay visible for rescuers
4. Stay warm and hydrated while waiting

Essential Emergency Info:

• Emergency: 911
• Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222
• Know the address or GPS coordinates of the trailhead before you go
• Download offline maps in case you lose cell service

Special Considerations

Visiting with Kids

Children love waterfalls but don't understand the dangers. Keep them within arm's reach at all times near the water. Consider a child leash for toddlers on clifftop trails. Explain why the rules exist—kids are more likely to follow rules they understand.

Visiting with Dogs

Dogs can be swept over waterfalls chasing sticks or simply exploring. Keep them leashed at all times. If your dog falls in, do not go in after them—most waterfall drownings involve people trying to rescue pets.

Solo Hiking

Solo hiking to waterfalls adds risk. If you do go alone: tell someone your exact plans and expected return time, carry a personal locator beacon or satellite communicator, and stick to well-traveled trails.

Helpful Resources

• NPS Waterfall Safety – Official guidance from National Park Service
• Red Cross Water Safety – General water safety tips
• National Weather Service – Check conditions before you go
• REI Hiking Safety – General trail safety tips

Stay safe out there, and happy exploring! Looking for a safe, easy waterfall to visit? Browse waterfalls by state and filter for family-friendly options with good trail conditions.